Description: Postcard with image of Ohio governor George K. Nash (1842-1904), Charles F.W. Dick (then a Congressman from Ohio and also a major general in the Ohio National Guard), and staff at Ohio National Guard encampment, Newark, Ohio. The picture shows a group of men, the majority in military uniform, standing in front of two tents in a wooded area. Dick (1858-1945), chair of the House Committee on Militia Affairs, co-sponsored the Militia Act of 1903 (also called the Dick Act), which created the National Guard from the organized state militias. The legislation gave state militias federal status and funding; in turn, the U.S. Army now had a pool of reserve units that could be mobilized for various emergencies and military needs. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05890
Subjects: National Guard; Ohio--Militia; Nash, George Kilbon, 1842-1904; Dick, Charles, 1858-1945; Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows the large circular enclosure at the Octagon Earthworks in Licking County, Ohio. It was taken from the Observatory Mound looking southeast. The Newark Earthworks complex was located on a wide glacial terrace southwest of the original confluence of Raccoon Creek and the Licking River in Newark, Licking County, Ohio. It was constructed by people of the Hopewell Culture between approximately 100 BC and AD 400. When first surveyed in the 1840s, the earthworks covered an area of four square miles, making it perhaps the world’s single largest archaeological landscape outside Egypt’s Giza Plateau. Overall the complex seems to be a lexicon of Hopewell earthwork design with counterparts found elsewhere within the Hopewell sphere, particularly in the lower Scioto Valley. These forms include large and small circles, parallel walls, ovals, squares and octagons. Unfortunately as Newark’s city limits expanded in the late 19th century, much of the earthwork complex fell victim to development. Only the Great Circle, a 1200-foot circular embankment with an interior ditch, and the Octagon Earthworks, a conjoined circle and segmented octagon that functions as a precise lunar observatory, have managed to survive to present times. To note, neither of these earthworks survived out of a pure sense of preservation but rather as notable oddities on the landscape; the Great Circle as a 19th century fairgrounds/amusement park and the Octagon as a military training camp and presently as a golf course. Both sites are owned by the Ohio History Connection and are among seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_01
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Newark (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400)
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: An aerial view of Dawes Arboretum in Licking County. Dawes Arboretum is home to the gravesite of Benjamin Green and family, first settlers of in Licking County. Dawes Arboretum was founded in 1929 by Beman and Bertie Dawes. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06886
Subjects: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio); Gardens--Ohio
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Aerial view of the Ohio State Fairgrounds, 1854. The Ohio State Fair is an annual exhibition that showcases Ohio farming and commercial products and achievements. The first fair was held in 1850, and after moving to various locations around the state for several decades, the event settled at its permanent location at the Ohio Expo Center in Columbus in 1886. From September 19 through 22, 1854, the fair was held at Newark's Great Circle Mound (now known as Moundbuilders Park). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04155
Subjects: Ohio State Fair (Newark, Ohio); Ohio Economy--Agriculture; Fairs--Ohio; Mounds--Ohio--Licking County
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of the Licking County Courthouse in Newark, Ohio. It was built in 1876 after a fire destroyed the former courthouse. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F03_032_01
Subjects: Licking County (Ohio); Newark (Ohio); Courthouses; Government buildings
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a map showing the Newark Earthworks in Licking County, Ohio. The Newark Earthworks were the largest set of geometric earthworks ever built in what is now the state of Ohio. They were constructed by the Hopewell culture (100 B.C. to 500 A.D.), an ancient American Indian culture. Originally the earthworks included a great circular enclosure (the Great Circle Earthworks), another slightly smaller circle that was linked to an octagon (Octagon Earthworks), and a large, nearly perfect square enclosure (Wright Earthworks), in addition to an oval earthwork surrounded a dozen conical and loaf-shaped mounds. All of these structures were connected by a series of parallel walls. There were many smaller circular enclosures and a scattering of other mounds and pits. On the opposite bank of the Licking River's South Fork, another square enclosure and an oval earthwork encircled the top of a hill that overlooked the vast maze of geometric enclosures. Over the years, the growth of the city of Newark destroyed many of the Newark Earthworks, but the Great Circle and the Octagon earthworks are major elements preserved by the efforts of interested local citizens. The surviving parts of the Newark Earthworks are recognized as a National Historic Landmark. In 2006, Governor Bob Taft formally declared the Newark Earthworks to be Ohio's state prehistoric monument, honoring the early American Indian builders of this site. Archaeologists E.G. Squier and E.H. Davis, with the help of surveyor and geologist Charles Whittlesey, systematically documented the American Indian works and compiled them into an 1847 book called "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley: Comprising the Results of Extensive Original Surveys and Explorations." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07257
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology); Mounds--Ohio River Valley; American Indian history and society; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: View of the long earthen walls of the Newark (Ohio) Earthworks. A sole human figure is sitting on a wall, which stands in a broad expanse of empty fields and distant houses. Built by prehistoric Hopewell Culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 500, this architectural remnant of ancient America was part cathedral, part cemetery, and part astronomical observatory. The entire Newark earthworks originally encompassed more than four square miles. Over the years, the growth of the city of Newark destroyed many of the Newark Earthworks. Three major segments survived: Great Circle Earthworks, Octagon Earthworks, and Wright Earthworks. In 2006, Governor Bob Taft formally declared the Newark Earthworks to be Ohio's state prehistoric monument, honoring the early American Indian builders of this site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05901
Subjects: Newark (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Earthworks (Archaeology); Ohio state symbols
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: The caption reads: "Class, - Industry, Indent. - Fiberglass products, Location - Newark." This photograph shows several items of fiberglass from the Owens-Corning Fiberglass Company in Newark, Ohio View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F10_026_1
Subjects: Industry; Fiberglass; Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Public Square in Newark, from "Historical Collections of Ohio" by Henry Howe, 1847. Settled in 1802, Newark is the county seat of Licking County. It is located approximately thirty-five miles east of Columbus. Construction of the Ohio and Erie Canal began just south of Newark at Licking Summit in 1825. The canal led to local prosperity in the 1830's and 1840's. In 1830, Newark had a population of roughly one thousand people, and by 1840, the population had almost tripled to over 2,700 people. During the twentieth century, Newark continued to grow and prosper. In 2000, Newark's population exceeded 45,000 people. The Ohio State University at Newark is the largest of The Ohio State University's branch campuses. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04017
Subjects: Newark (Ohio); Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This art deco style illustration for “Newark” was used in The Ohio Guide. It depicts a Native American reaching towards the sun and several factory buildings. A signature of the artist “Homer Seay” can also be seen. This illustration is a photographic reproduction of a drawing. It is one of a series produced as possible chapter headings for The Ohio Guide. From 1935 to 1942, the Works Progress Administration (WPA), through its Federal Writers' Project created The American Guide Series, which included forty-eight state guides, as well as supplemental guides for large cities, etc. The state guides are divided into three sections. In the first section are general essays about the state on things such as agriculture, culture, history, industry, religion, etc. The second section contains an overview of the various cities and towns around the state, as well as enumerating various points of interest. The last section is dedicated to various tours around the state. The tourist is taken from city to city, with turn by turn directions, and descriptions of what can be seen along the way. While much of the country has grown and changed since the guides were written, it is surprising how much remains, and sometimes more surprising what has been lost. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F16_042
Subjects: Books Chapter-headings; United States. Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Federal Writers' Project. Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of William Stanberry, US Congressman from Ohio, CA 1830s Father of Henry Stanberry, Ohio's 1st Attorney General (1866-68). William Stanberry was born in New Jersey in 1788 and studied law in New York City. He then moved to Newark, Ohio and began practicing law. He was elected to the Ohio Senate in 1824 and 1825 and elected as an Ohio representative to the House of Representatives in 1827 and 1828 (as a Jacksonian candidate) and 1830 (as an Anti-Jacksonian candidate). His time in congress was surrounded by some controversy. Stanberry made accusations about Sam Houston's involvement with Native Americans. Houston confronted him and beat him with a Hickory cane. In reaction, Stanberry allegedly tried to shoot Houston, but his pistol misfired. Houston was afterwards arrested and found guilty. After not gaining re-election in 1832, Stanberry resumed his law practice in Newark, where he stayed until his death in 1873. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07055
Subjects: United States. Congress. House; Law & legal affairs; Newark (Ohio)
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows a stage in the production of spun-glass or fiberglass. It was group together with other photographs from Owens-Corning. The Owens-Corning Fiberglas Company Plant, located at 400 Case Avenue near Shields Street in Newark, occupies what was formerly the abandoned works of the largest bottle manufactory. Then called Owens-Illinois, the factory was purchased in 1933, to provide spun-glass and glass fiber research facilities. Corning Glass had been experimenting with such fibers for years, and the two companies decided to work jointly on development. By 1938, the two companies had merged to become Owens-Corning. During the 1930s and 1940s, the company manufactured 'glass wool' insulation for battleships, refrigerators, and houses, and spinning glass into delicate silk-like fibers to be woven into glass cloth, and fabrics for insulating electric wires. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F09_026
Subjects: Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation; Newark (Ohio)--History; Fiberglass
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)